What Happens in the Brain After Trauma?
Traumatic events leave deep marks on an individual’s mental world, and they also cause various changes in the brain. When the brain encounters traumatic experiences while managing survival mechanisms, significant changes occur in its functioning.
The Effects of Trauma on the Brain
The changes that occur in the brain after trauma are especially concentrated in three main areas:
- Amygdala: Known as the brain’s threat detection center. After trauma, the amygdala becomes hyperactive, which causes the individual to experience a constant state of alertness. Even small triggers can provoke intense fear or anxiety responses.
- Hippocampus: Responsible for memory and learning, this area may shrink after trauma. This can lead to the person being unable to recall events accurately or being unable to clearly differentiate between reality and traumatic memories. Individuals with PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) may feel as though the traumatic event is still ongoing.
- Prefrontal Cortex: Responsible for decision-making, logical thinking, and emotional regulation, the prefrontal cortex may weaken after trauma. This can make it difficult for the individual to cope with stressful situations and lead to impulsive reactions.
Chemical Changes in the Brain
The neurochemical effects of trauma are also significant. The production of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline increases. In the long term, the imbalance in these hormone levels can lead to depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.
Are the Changes in the Brain Permanent?
The changes that occur in the brain after trauma can sometimes be permanent. However, methods such as psychotherapy, mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication can support the healing process due to brain plasticity. Trauma therapy, in particular, is an effective method for reducing the negative effects on the brain.
Conclusion
The changes in the brain after trauma can directly impact an individual’s daily life. However, with conscious support and appropriate therapeutic methods, the brain can return to its previous healthy functioning. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals who have experienced traumatic events to seek professional support for both their mental and physical well-being.